Authors A. Pustovrh (1) Albin Lorber (1) Aleksander Bjelčevič (3) Aleksander Krajnc (1) Alenka Klinar (1) Alenka Klinar (1) Alenka Mihorič (55) Ales Janzekovic (1) Aleš Gradišnik (1) Aleš Guček (1) Aleš Holc (1) Aleš Kovač (1) Aleš Potisk (2) Aleš Štefe (1) Aljaž Anderle (1) Aljaž Šajn (4) Aljoša Belingar (15) Alvarez Pepito (1) Ana Grapulin (1) Ana Krauthaker (0) Andraž Bežek (2) Andrea Corsini (1) Andrej Babič (1) Andrej Blatnik (2) Andrej Bračič (23) Andrej Brečko (1) Andrej Erceg (5) Andrej Kajzer (4) Andrej Kokalj (1) Andrej Lavrenčič (1) Andrej Likar (3) Andrej Pečjak (8) Andrej Rozman (1) Andrej Rožič (Bohinj) (14) Andrej Senica (0) Andrej Slak (1) Andrej Stritar (1) Andrej Stržinar (1) Andrej Štremfelj (1) Andrej Terčelj (13) Andrej Zupanc (2) Andrej Žitnik (1) Andreja Jurkovič (3) Anita Tornar (1) Anja Bečan (1) Anja Karničar (3) Anja Ner (1) Anka Košmrl (1) Anka Rudolf (94) Anton Cedilnik (1) Anton Grašič (1) Anton Lamovšek (1) Anton Lamovšek (1) Anton Rajh (1) Anže Čokl (37) Anže Krajnik (6) Anže Sajevic (1) Anže Šenk (1) Barbara Kuhar (1) Barbara Možina (2) Benjamin Blažič (0) Benjamin Vidmar (1) Bernard Štiglic (3) Biserka Gorišek (4) Blaž Germek (1) Blaž Grapar (4) Blaž Jereb (1) Blaž Komac (2) Blaž Konec (1) Blaž Lesnik (12) Blaž Stres (0) Bogoljub Nikolov (1) Bojan Ambrožič (20) Bojan Dolmovič (1) Bojan Flander (1) Bojan Leskošek (26) Bojan Pollak (3) Bojan Rotovnik (15) Bor Šumrada (121) Boris Ban (3) Boris Kraljič (1) Boris Kumer (655) Boris Mastnak (1) Boris Santner (1) Boris Strmšek (10) Boris Šketelj (1) Boris Štupar (13782) Borut Demšar (0) Borut Levart (1) Borut Peršolja (29) Borut Peršolja (1) Boštjan Burger (2) Boštjan Holer (1) Boštjan Kokalj (2) Boštjan Štirn (1) Boštjan Tomplak (1) Boštjan Vidmar (1) Boštjan Virc (13) Brane Povše (1) Branko Antolovič (1) Branko Dular (1) Branko Ivanek (240) Branko Povše (1) Branko Rutar (3) Branko Škornik (2) Branko Vizjak (2) Brina Pungerčič Perko (16) Bruno DEPARDIEU (0) Bruno F. Fras (16) Ciril Velkovrh (2) Damjan Gruden (1) Damjan Slabe (2) Damjan Vrenčur (1) Danijel Žagar (1) Danijel Žagar (4) Darja Jenko (1) David Horvat (2) David Kobilca (3) David Pavlovič (9) David Tončič (1) Dejan Černilogar (1) Dejan Hudohmet (1) Dejan Koren (1) Dejan Ogrinec (10) Dolfi Rotovnik (1) Domen Cansored (1) Domen Zupan (124) Doris Umberger Goličnik (1) Dušan Polajnar (1) Dušan Škodič (3075) Edvard Grabrijan (18) Edvin Furlan (1) Ekipa NHWF (46) Emil Pevec (8) Emilija Vraber (1) Enka Makovsek (1) Erik Guštin (5) Erika Kozamernik (1) Ernest Štern (1) Eva Premk Bogataj (1) Feri Kropec (3) Filip Zadravec (16) Franc Jensterle (1) Franc Miš (1) Franc Prelog (1) Franc Savenc (8) Franc Štibernik (5) Franca Škarja (1) France Malešič (71) Franci Ekar (31) Franci Habjan (1) Franci Horvat (4) Franci Pogačar (3) Franci Razpet (1) Franci Savenc (2978) Franci Savenc (31897) Franjo Krpač (1) Fredi Belavić (5) Gaber Šorn (0) Gabrijel Rožič (25) Gašper Finžgar (1) Gašper Karničar (1) Gašper Pintar (1) Gašper Štrakl (1) G-L Urednik (199) Gojko Jovanovič (2) Gorazd Gorišek (200) Gorazd Kocjan (1) Gorazd Pipenbaher (1) Grega Ažman (12) Grega Benčina (1) Grega Brajnik (1) Grega Kofler (3) Grega Vida (0) Gregor Kovač (1) Gregor Marinšek (3) Gregor Mlakar (4) Gregor Šeliga (3) Gregor Šetina (0) Gregor Vodopivec (3) Harold Križanec (10) Helena Plahuta (291) Helena Škrl (32) Igor Vukić (1) Igor Jenčič (1) Igor Kalan (2) Igor Pavlič (47) Igor Radovič (1) Igor Skender (2) Igor Zlodej (3) Inko Bajde (245) Irena Mali (0) Irena Mrak (1) Ivan Kern (1) Ivan Laharnar (8) Ivan Novak (0) Ivan Pepelnjak (57) Izidor Furjan (3) Iztok Besedič (2) Iztok Snoj (397) Jaka Capuder (1) Jaka Ortar (36) Jaka Pečnik (1) Jakob Skvarča (2) Jan Klemen (2) Jan Podgornik (2) Jan Sedej (1) Jan Slapšak (1) Janez Cerar (1) Janez Černilec (2) Janez Duhovnik (1) Janez Feldin (1) Janez Javoršek (5) Janez Kastelic (1) Janez Kosec (1) Janez Pikon (1200) Janez Velikanje (1) Jani Bele (3) Jani Bezjak (1) Janja Jelen (1) Janko Rebolj (1) Janko Bajzelj (2) Janko Šenica (0) Jasna Berljak (1) Jaša Saražin (3) Jelena Justin (93) Jernej Arčon (1) Jernej Burkeljca (10) Jernej Horvat (1) Jernej Jazbec (10) Jernej Mele (1) Jernej Peterlin (2) Jernej Pristavec (1) Jernej Žižek (1) Jože Dakskobler (14) Jože Primožič (3) Jože Rovan (4) Jurček Nowakk (1) Jure Batagelj (2) Jure Bradeško (1) Jure Frelih (1) Jure Klofutar (1) Jure Klofutar (1) Jure Leban (1) Jure Noč (3) Jure Pezdirc (1) Jure Vrhovec (3) Jurij Rous (3) Katarina Rogelj (1) Katarina Štremfelj (4) Katja Bajec (1) Keja Kogej (2) Klemen Gričar (3) Klemen Hančič (3) Klemen Jelič (1) Klemen Kočevar (4) Klemen Markuš (1) Klemen Remic (1) Klemen Žumer (1) Krištof Fortuna (1) Krištof Frelih (3) L M (1) Lara Nikolič (1) Laura Cafuta (1) Lea Lampret (1) Lidija Režek Držujanič (4) Liljana Drevenšek (1) Lojze Budkovič (3) Lojze Gluk (1) Lojze Golob (2) Lojze Šmid (1) Lucija Luskar (1) Lucija Odar (1) Luka Markež (1) Luka Ambrožič (1) Luka Lindič (1) Luka Oblak (1) Luka Stražar (2) Luka Stražar (1) Maj Boric (1) Maja Celestina (1) Maja Belimezov (217) Maja Duh (125) Maja Jereb (1) Majda Kolar (1) Manca Čujež (13) Marcel Gajzer (1) Marija Hlavaty (2) Marijana Lihteneker (1) Marjan Bohnec (2) Marjan Bradeško (12) Marjan Malok (1) Marjan Ostruh (1) Marjan Vilar (1) Marjana Harcet (1) Marjeta Keršič - Svetel (1) Marko Belingar (12) Marko Erčulj (1) Marko Kern (7) Marko Nabergoj (1) Marko Petek (1) Marko Renčelj (731) Marko Simerl (1) Marko Vidmar (1) Marko Zupan (1) Marko Žunec (4) Martin Miklavčič (7) Martin Bedrač (3) Martin Česnik (1) Martin Miklavčič (3) Martin Železnik (1) Martina Kostajnšek (3) Maruška Lenarčič (8) Matej Arh (1) Matej Balažic (1) Matej Hauptman (1) Matej Kastelic (1) Matej Kosem (2) Matej Kucler (15) Matej Meglič (1) Matej Perkuš (1) Matej PIlić (0) Matej Šnuderl (25) Matej Užmah (1) Mateja Robič (1) Matevž Gradišek (1) Matevž Kastrin (2) Matevž Kovačič (2) Matevž Poberžnik (1) Matevž Rehberger (52) Matevž Vučer (5) Matic Di Batista (4) Matic Ivančič (0) Matic Redelonghi (4) Matic Standeker (1) Matic Striancar (1) Matija Bokan (2) Matija Ponikvar (2) Matija Turk (35) Matjaž Čuk (142) Matjaž Ferjančič (1) Matjaž Jakopič (0) Matjaž Jeran (13) Matjaž Mohorič (9) Matjaž Pristavec (1) Matjaž Šerkezi (35) Matjaž Žilavec (4) Metka Carli (3) Metod Škarja (35) Miha Hauptman (3) Miha Mihelič (1) Miha Moškon (3) Miha Noč (1) Miha Noč (1) Miha Novak (2) Miha Pavšek (98) Miha Praunseis (1) Miha Staut (2) Mijo Kovačevič (157) Milan Domitrovič (3) Milan Šenk (6) Miljko Lesjak (1) Miljko Lesjak (15) Mira Petek (1) Mire Steinbuch (38) Mirko Toporiš (42) Miro Jurko (1) Miroslav Jegrišnik (1) Mitja Filipič (7) Mitja Filipič (691) Mitja Gleščič (707) Mitja Košir (134) Mojca Cencič (23) Mojca Luštrek (16) Mojca Petrovič (1) Mojca Stritar Kučuk (108) Monika Bogataj (2) Monika Kambič (0) Nace Štruc (53) Nataša Imperl (1) Nejc Justin (2) Nejc Kalan (2) Nejc Kuhar (11) Nejc Kurinčič (1) Nejc Marčič (1) Nenad Čmarec (1) Niko Šketa (1) Nina Miholič (1) Nina Zidarn (1) Oto Žan (2) Ožbej Kunšič (1) Patrice Monroe Pustavrh (1) Pavel Škofic (12) Pavla Kovačič (1) Pavle Kozjek (23) Peter Ferk (2) Peter Hrovat (4) Peter Jakopin (1) Peter Janežič (2) Peter Janušič (4) Peter Mežnar (87) Peter Mikša (2) Peter Pehani (1) Peter Podgornik (73) Peter Rožič (11) Peter Strgar (7) Peter Vukotič (1) Peter Zupančič (5) Petra Klinar (1) Piotr Skrzypiec (1) Polona Cesar (2) Polona Ziherl (1) Primož B (1) Primož Hostnik (3) Primož Murn (1) Primož Sedej (2) Primož Štamcar (1) Primož Štamcar Čera (1) Primož Trop (1) Radka Novakova (1) Rajko Večko (15) Robert Ciglar (1) Robert Hočevar (2) Robert Pritržnik (1) Robert Rejec (0) Robi Jamnik (3) Rok Markuš (3) Rok Bremec (2) Rok Brilej (1) Rok Dečman (1) Rok Florjančič (2) Rok Godec (1) Rok Mirt (7) Rok Murgelj (10) Rok Stopar (1) Rok Stritar (1) Rok Šeško (1) Rok Žumer (0) Roman Skumavec (2) Roman Sodja (1) Rožle Bregar (3) Rudi Rajar (11) Sabina Sovinc (1) Samo Kociper (1) Sandi Gričnik (1) Sandra Zadravec (3) Saša Petančič (1) Sebastjan Jazbinšek (2) Sebastjan Podbregar (1) Sergej Jamnikar (1) Silverka Lesjak Klapš (1) Silvo Baznik (605) Simon Berlec (1) Simon Čopi (10) Simon Kurinčič (4) Simon Posavec (1) Simon Slejko (2) Simona Grabec (0) Slavko Kržič (1) Sonja Pohodnik (1) Sonja Tekavec (1) Srečo Rehberger (193) Stane Škrjanec (1) Stanka Jelenc (1) Stojan Kralj (1) Šimun Cimerman (1) Špela Habulin (1) Špela Petač (72) Špela Rant (1) Štefan Mlinarič (1) Štefan Wraber (1) Tadej Bregar (1) Tadej Bregar (14) Tadej Debevec (15) Tadej Kosmačin (1) Tanja Grmovšek (1) Tanja Raspotnik (1) Teja Oman (1) Teja Peklaj (1) Test Test (0) Test User (0) Tina Di Batista (7) Tina Hedzet (1) Tina Horvat (1) Tina Horvat (1) Tina Leskošek (1) Tine Koloini (3) Tine Marenče (30) Tomaz Javornik (1) Tomaž Jakofčič (717) Tomaž Košir (4) Tomaž Kozamernik (8) Tomaž Lampelj (3) Tomaž Ogrin (1) Tomaž Ovsenik (1) Tomaž Valjavec (2) Tomaž Zupan (3) Tomislav Aurednik (2) Tone Lesar (1) Tone Škarja (2) Tone Tomše (2) Tone Železnik (2) Travelling Folks (0) Ula Grabnar (1) Urban Golob (16) Urban Herzog (0) Urban Polajnar (0) urednik G-L (2285) Urednik Gore-Ljudje (2469) Uredništvo G-L (2674) Uredništvo G-L (5447) Uros Kastelic (1) Uroš Pilih (2) Uroš Praš (2) Uroš Rupar (2) Uroš Žvokelj (1) Urška Cigler (1) Urška Henigman (1) Urška Modrijan (0) Vanja Starčević (2) Vanja Šulc (7) Velibor Jovanović (1) Vesna Kobal (1) Vid Pogačnik (8) Vili Guček (1) Vladimir Habjan (165) Vlasta Pečelin (4) Vojko Čeligoj (24) Zdenka Mihelič (65) ziga ster (0) Zlatko Grželj (2) Zlatko Kolšek (0) Zvonko Požgaj (2) Zvonko Zupančič (1) Žan Karničar (1) Žarko Rovšček (8) Žiga Kalajžič (1) Žiga Regina (3) Žiga Rozman (1)
Archive Expand/Collapse 2024 (1196) marec (361) februar (412) januar (423) Expand/Collapse 2023 (2786) december (344) november (314) oktober (342) september (159) avgust (217) julij (120) junij (217) maj (201) april (236) marec (237) februar (177) januar (222) Expand/Collapse 2022 (2817) december (213) november (178) oktober (241) september (229) avgust (248) julij (236) junij (263) maj (241) april (250) marec (247) februar (232) januar (239) Expand/Collapse 2021 (3072) december (238) november (238) oktober (208) september (267) avgust (266) julij (270) junij (242) maj (438) april (261) marec (205) februar (206) januar (233) Expand/Collapse 2020 (2689) december (210) november (205) oktober (207) september (241) avgust (237) julij (243) junij (217) maj (204) april (209) marec (233) februar (215) januar (268) Expand/Collapse 2019 (3138) december (262) november (232) oktober (241) september (236) avgust (263) julij (260) junij (238) maj (256) april (283) marec (277) februar (273) januar (317) Expand/Collapse 2018 (3255) december (300) november (295) oktober (358) september (355) avgust (248) julij (244) junij (228) maj (217) april (232) marec (267) februar (244) januar (267) Expand/Collapse 2017 (3044) december (232) november (242) oktober (224) september (249) avgust (234) julij (243) junij (263) maj (277) april (277) marec (276) februar (258) januar (269) Expand/Collapse 2016 (3415) december (288) november (264) oktober (270) september (318) avgust (331) julij (268) junij (265) maj (283) april (296) marec (277) februar (285) januar (270) Expand/Collapse 2015 (3844) december (268) november (290) oktober (286) september (299) avgust (281) julij (286) junij (324) maj (314) april (317) marec (374) februar (409) januar (396) Expand/Collapse 2014 (4792) december (381) november (345) oktober (346) september (366) avgust (380) julij (364) junij (378) maj (427) april (433) marec (508) februar (410) januar (454) Expand/Collapse 2013 (5342) december (436) november (417) oktober (422) september (479) avgust (523) julij (459) junij (398) maj (426) april (455) marec (474) februar (420) januar (433) Expand/Collapse 2012 (5521) december (442) november (412) oktober (464) september (521) avgust (487) julij (435) junij (472) maj (473) april (465) marec (439) februar (462) januar (449) Expand/Collapse 2011 (4578) december (440) november (384) oktober (347) september (383) avgust (384) julij (392) junij (385) maj (422) april (359) marec (351) februar (347) januar (384) Expand/Collapse 2010 (4588) december (415) november (347) oktober (352) september (362) avgust (394) julij (346) junij (376) maj (388) april (366) marec (431) februar (401) januar (410) Expand/Collapse 2009 (4571) december (355) november (404) oktober (367) september (356) avgust (400) julij (374) junij (370) maj (406) april (390) marec (401) februar (354) januar (394) Expand/Collapse 2008 (3807) december (380) november (373) oktober (364) september (306) avgust (317) julij (301) junij (290) maj (288) april (297) marec (284) februar (317) januar (290) Expand/Collapse 2007 (3176) december (268) november (226) oktober (260) september (252) avgust (281) julij (252) junij (273) maj (266) april (248) marec (312) februar (253) januar (285) Expand/Collapse 2006 (3317) december (234) november (263) oktober (280) september (292) avgust (336) julij (217) junij (256) maj (317) april (276) marec (304) februar (265) januar (277) Expand/Collapse 2005 (3640) december (246) november (315) oktober (295) september (285) avgust (372) julij (312) junij (283) maj (628) april (282) marec (212) februar (227) januar (183) Expand/Collapse 2004 (2314) december (170) november (201) oktober (210) september (212) avgust (218) julij (200) junij (202) maj (183) april (159) marec (210) februar (190) januar (159) Expand/Collapse 2003 (97) december (56) november (4) oktober (5) september (4) julij (1) junij (7) maj (5) april (5) marec (4) februar (5) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 2002 (68) december (8) november (5) oktober (5) september (5) avgust (6) julij (6) junij (5) maj (6) april (6) marec (5) februar (4) januar (7) Expand/Collapse 2001 (69) december (5) november (4) oktober (7) september (9) avgust (3) julij (8) junij (6) maj (4) april (5) marec (5) februar (6) januar (7) Expand/Collapse 2000 (81) december (8) november (7) oktober (7) september (7) avgust (6) julij (10) junij (6) maj (7) april (5) marec (8) februar (5) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1999 (63) december (5) november (6) oktober (5) september (5) avgust (5) julij (5) junij (5) maj (6) april (5) marec (6) februar (5) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1998 (20) december (3) november (4) oktober (2) september (3) julij (1) junij (1) maj (2) april (1) marec (1) februar (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1997 (67) december (2) november (5) oktober (5) september (6) avgust (5) julij (6) junij (8) maj (6) april (7) marec (5) februar (6) januar (6) Expand/Collapse 1996 (72) december (8) november (6) oktober (7) september (8) avgust (5) julij (7) junij (5) maj (4) april (5) marec (4) februar (7) januar (6) Expand/Collapse 1995 (61) december (4) november (5) oktober (6) september (6) avgust (5) julij (6) junij (5) maj (5) april (4) marec (5) februar (4) januar (6) Expand/Collapse 1994 (87) december (4) november (5) oktober (4) september (4) avgust (5) julij (8) junij (8) maj (14) april (6) marec (8) februar (10) januar (11) Expand/Collapse 1993 (109) december (9) november (6) oktober (7) september (6) avgust (12) julij (9) junij (9) maj (5) april (12) marec (11) februar (12) januar (11) Expand/Collapse 1992 (55) december (4) november (5) oktober (5) september (4) avgust (5) julij (4) junij (5) maj (4) april (4) marec (5) februar (5) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1991 (57) december (5) november (4) oktober (4) september (6) avgust (5) julij (5) junij (6) maj (4) april (5) marec (4) februar (4) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1990 (36) december (8) november (4) oktober (6) september (4) avgust (1) april (1) marec (3) februar (4) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1989 (55) december (4) november (6) oktober (6) september (4) avgust (4) julij (5) junij (5) maj (5) april (4) marec (4) februar (4) januar (4) Expand/Collapse 1988 (13) december (1) oktober (2) september (1) avgust (1) julij (1) maj (2) marec (2) januar (3) Expand/Collapse 1987 (69) december (5) november (4) oktober (5) september (4) avgust (6) julij (6) junij (5) maj (17) april (5) marec (5) februar (4) januar (3) Expand/Collapse 1986 (57) december (4) november (4) oktober (4) september (5) avgust (5) julij (5) junij (5) maj (6) april (4) marec (5) februar (5) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1985 (42) december (16) oktober (3) avgust (1) julij (2) junij (2) maj (2) april (4) marec (4) februar (3) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1984 (48) november (4) oktober (3) september (5) avgust (1) julij (1) junij (3) maj (6) april (5) marec (10) februar (6) januar (4) Expand/Collapse 1983 (74) december (4) november (4) oktober (2) september (10) avgust (6) julij (4) junij (6) maj (3) april (10) marec (4) februar (9) januar (12) Expand/Collapse 1982 (40) december (2) september (1) avgust (4) julij (4) junij (4) maj (5) april (5) marec (7) februar (4) januar (4) Expand/Collapse 1981 (42) december (23) november (2) oktober (4) september (4) avgust (1) julij (1) maj (1) april (1) marec (1) februar (1) januar (3) Expand/Collapse 1980 (141) december (13) oktober (13) september (2) julij (15) maj (19) april (19) marec (20) februar (21) januar (19) Expand/Collapse 1979 (100) december (21) november (4) oktober (16) september (7) avgust (8) julij (7) junij (5) maj (4) april (9) marec (8) februar (3) januar (8) Expand/Collapse 1978 (32) december (1) november (1) oktober (1) september (9) maj (1) april (3) marec (5) februar (5) januar (6) Expand/Collapse 1977 (93) december (5) november (4) oktober (5) september (10) avgust (11) julij (9) junij (10) maj (7) april (6) marec (10) februar (8) januar (8) Expand/Collapse 1976 (110) december (9) november (7) oktober (11) september (10) avgust (9) julij (15) junij (9) maj (8) april (9) marec (7) februar (7) januar (9) Expand/Collapse 1975 (120) december (7) november (9) oktober (14) september (10) avgust (9) julij (6) junij (6) maj (10) april (11) marec (11) februar (15) januar (12) Expand/Collapse 1974 (164) december (8) november (12) oktober (11) september (12) avgust (15) julij (10) junij (12) maj (11) april (13) marec (15) februar (24) januar (21) Expand/Collapse 1973 (73) december (9) november (2) oktober (5) september (1) avgust (5) julij (7) junij (7) maj (3) april (1) marec (15) februar (10) januar (8) Expand/Collapse 1972 (82) december (8) november (7) oktober (5) september (6) avgust (7) julij (6) junij (6) maj (6) april (9) marec (10) februar (6) januar (6) Expand/Collapse 1971 (72) december (9) november (6) oktober (5) september (5) avgust (7) julij (7) junij (7) maj (7) april (7) marec (4) februar (3) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1970 (66) december (6) november (4) oktober (5) september (4) avgust (4) julij (7) junij (4) maj (6) april (6) marec (4) februar (4) januar (12) Expand/Collapse 1969 (60) december (6) november (3) oktober (5) september (5) avgust (5) julij (5) junij (4) maj (6) april (5) marec (5) februar (5) januar (6) Expand/Collapse 1968 (54) december (3) november (4) oktober (6) september (5) avgust (6) julij (4) junij (4) maj (4) april (4) marec (5) februar (5) januar (4) Expand/Collapse 1967 (55) december (5) november (4) oktober (5) september (5) avgust (4) julij (7) junij (11) maj (2) april (5) marec (4) februar (2) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1966 (8) december (1) julij (6) marec (1) Expand/Collapse 1965 (31) december (1) julij (1) junij (2) maj (4) april (5) marec (5) februar (6) januar (7) Expand/Collapse 1964 (30) december (3) november (5) oktober (4) september (4) avgust (2) maj (2) april (2) marec (3) februar (4) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1963 (24) december (2) november (4) oktober (3) september (2) avgust (3) julij (2) maj (1) april (1) marec (4) februar (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1962 (11) december (1) oktober (2) julij (2) junij (2) maj (1) april (2) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1961 (9) avgust (3) julij (1) maj (2) marec (1) februar (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1960 (5) september (1) julij (2) maj (1) marec (1) Expand/Collapse 1959 (5) december (1) maj (1) april (1) marec (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1958 (3) december (1) september (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1957 (7) november (1) september (1) april (3) marec (1) februar (1) Expand/Collapse 1956 (4) december (1) september (1) junij (2) Expand/Collapse 1955 (6) november (1) oktober (1) junij (1) maj (2) marec (1) Expand/Collapse 1954 (10) julij (1) marec (2) februar (2) januar (5) Expand/Collapse 1953 (19) december (4) oktober (3) julij (3) junij (3) maj (2) februar (1) januar (3) Expand/Collapse 1952 (7) avgust (1) julij (1) junij (1) maj (1) marec (2) februar (1) Expand/Collapse 1951 (5) oktober (1) julij (1) maj (2) april (1) Expand/Collapse 1950 (15) november (1) oktober (2) september (4) avgust (1) julij (1) junij (5) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1949 (4) december (1) september (3) Expand/Collapse 1948 (3) september (2) avgust (1) Expand/Collapse 1947 (3) november (1) avgust (1) junij (1) Expand/Collapse 1946 (3) december (1) april (2) Expand/Collapse 1944 (10) december (2) avgust (2) julij (1) maj (1) april (3) februar (1) Expand/Collapse 1943 (9) oktober (1) avgust (1) julij (2) marec (1) februar (3) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1942 (20) november (1) oktober (1) avgust (3) julij (2) maj (2) april (1) marec (2) februar (8) Expand/Collapse 1941 (26) oktober (1) avgust (1) julij (3) maj (2) april (1) marec (7) februar (9) januar (2) Expand/Collapse 1940 (10) november (1) september (2) april (1) marec (2) februar (1) januar (3) Expand/Collapse 1939 (14) november (1) oktober (1) avgust (2) julij (5) junij (1) maj (1) januar (3) Expand/Collapse 1938 (25) december (1) november (1) september (3) avgust (7) julij (5) junij (2) maj (1) april (1) marec (2) februar (2) Expand/Collapse 1937 (34) november (4) oktober (9) september (1) avgust (3) julij (2) junij (3) maj (2) april (1) marec (2) februar (3) januar (4) Expand/Collapse 1936 (58) november (1) oktober (1) september (1) avgust (3) julij (11) junij (8) maj (5) april (5) marec (14) februar (2) januar (7) Expand/Collapse 1935 (189) september (2) julij (6) junij (15) maj (28) april (31) marec (20) februar (36) januar (51) Expand/Collapse 1934 (261) december (16) november (23) oktober (27) september (24) avgust (36) julij (21) junij (9) maj (11) april (17) marec (20) februar (35) januar (22) Expand/Collapse 1933 (235) december (22) november (19) oktober (19) september (16) avgust (35) julij (24) junij (21) maj (24) april (20) marec (13) februar (6) januar (16) Expand/Collapse 1932 (233) december (21) november (16) oktober (20) september (19) avgust (27) julij (28) junij (21) maj (17) april (9) marec (17) februar (23) januar (15) Expand/Collapse 1931 (50) december (3) november (4) oktober (2) september (5) avgust (11) julij (11) junij (5) maj (4) april (2) marec (3) Expand/Collapse 1930 (24) november (1) september (10) avgust (8) junij (1) marec (1) februar (2) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1929 (8) avgust (3) julij (1) marec (2) februar (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1928 (3) december (1) julij (2) Expand/Collapse 1927 (34) december (1) november (1) september (2) avgust (1) julij (8) maj (1) april (19) marec (1) Expand/Collapse 1926 (2) julij (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1925 (49) avgust (1) junij (2) maj (8) april (11) marec (8) februar (8) januar (11) Expand/Collapse 1924 (108) december (6) november (1) oktober (5) september (12) avgust (20) julij (11) junij (12) maj (11) april (9) marec (5) februar (8) januar (8) Expand/Collapse 1923 (51) december (4) november (2) oktober (8) september (3) avgust (5) julij (8) junij (7) maj (6) april (1) februar (3) januar (4) Expand/Collapse 1922 (44) december (8) november (5) oktober (3) september (1) avgust (9) julij (6) junij (3) maj (3) april (3) marec (1) januar (2) Expand/Collapse 1921 (18) december (3) oktober (2) avgust (1) julij (4) junij (1) maj (3) april (1) marec (1) januar (2) Expand/Collapse 1919 (3) avgust (1) julij (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1916 (2) december (1) maj (1) Expand/Collapse 1915 (26) december (1) junij (9) maj (2) april (6) marec (2) februar (5) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1914 (24) november (1) avgust (2) julij (2) junij (3) maj (5) april (4) marec (5) januar (2) Expand/Collapse 1913 (38) december (1) november (5) oktober (5) september (6) avgust (8) julij (8) junij (1) maj (3) april (1) Expand/Collapse 1912 (31) december (1) november (1) oktober (1) september (4) avgust (8) julij (3) junij (5) maj (2) april (2) marec (2) februar (1) januar (1) Expand/Collapse 1911 (19) december (1) oktober (2) september (2) avgust (3) julij (3) junij (4) marec (3) februar (1) Expand/Collapse 1910 (4) december (3) april (1) Expand/Collapse 1909 (3) december (1) avgust (1) julij (1) 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Boris Štupar 27.10.2014 06:28 2186 1 Nemirna dežela pod streho sveta ID Objave GL3: 111868 Objava ID: 48914 V indijski vojaški reviji general N. S. Malik sprašuje, če se Indijci sami zavedajo, da je problem Džamuja in Kašmirja njihov. Prepričan je, da bo to spoznanje prineslo tudi začetek reševanja njihovih problemov. Svojo razpravo je general veteran razvrstil v smislih strateškega pomena J & K, neustreznega ravnanja in iskanja ustreznih rešitev. Prav gotovo se, kot mnogi, zaveda ogromne moči, ki prihaja s Kitajske. To razumevanje izraža iz dejstva, da Kitajska porabi ogromne vsote denarja in na desettisoče vojakov za izgradnjo infrastrukture avtocest, ki povezujejo Tibet in Xinjiang čez (zasedeno) planoto Akshai Chin in Xinjiang s Pakistanom po Karakorum highway, ki poteka čez prelaz Kunzreb. Razpravljalec se dotakne tudi problemov Aksai China in doline Shaksgam, pri katerih smatra, da so Kitajci (v zapisih so podatki o dogovorih s Pakistanci, ki jih najdemo tudi v drugih virih) nezakonito zasedli ta območja. Geografska razporeditev in visoke gore zagotavljajo nadzorniku pokrajin strateško globino in prevlado nad okolico. Ni čudno, da že stoletja bijejo ruski, perzijski, kitajski, tibetanski in britansko-indijski kolonialni imperiji za prevlado med seboj. Regija leži ob starodavni osi Azije ... Indian Strategic Studies - 22.10.2014 Lt Gen NS Malik: Solution to J & K problem lies in New Delhi... Geografski obzornik (2005) - Marko Lozinšek: Kašmir - od raja do vojne (PDF) Kategorije: Novosti Tuje TUJ Himalaja Vse objave Značke: HIM interni novosti TUJ VOJ Share Tweet Print 1 komentarjev na članku "Nemirna dežela pod streho sveta" Boris Štupar, 26. 10. 2014 18:22 Solution to J & K problem lies in New Delhi... ByLt Gen NS Malik 22 Oct , 2014 J&K is an integral part of India. The only problem that can be called J&K Problem is the non- comprehension by India, its people and the government to this ultimate truth of its being the integral part of India and not distinct or separate entity in any way from the other states of India. The problem that would remain to be settled then is the need to free the areas of J&K illegally occupied by Pakistan and China. Once this fact is understood and fully comprehended by us, all else will fall in place. It is proposed to discuss this very complex and muddled up situation, erroneously called “The Jammu & Kashmir Problem”, as under: Strategic Importance of J&K The Problem and its historic Mishandling Solution Strategic Importance of J&K The illegally occupied part of J&K by Pakistan is in two parts, Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (the so called Azad Kashmir by Pakistan) and Gilgit- Baltistan(GB) (earlier called the Northern Areas). China is in possession of Akshai Chin and the Shaksgam valley illegally ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963. J&K forms the head of the Indian sub continent, and has been the traditional trade route of Central and South Asia to the East and Tibet, generally called the ‘Silk Route’. It is bounded by more countries than any other state of India; in the North East with Tibet, and further North with Xinjiang province of China, in the North West with the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan, in the West with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and further South with Punjab of Pakistan. This geographic layout is strategically so important that no power of the world wants to remain away from the area, as it gives them access to the sensitive areas of the neighbouring countries.. Its high mountains provide strategic depth and domination over the surrounding area. For hundreds of years in the past, the Russian, Persian, Chinese, Tibetan and the British Indian empires, sought the passes of this region to dominate each other. The region rests along “the ancient axis of Asia” where South, Central and East Asia converge and, since time immemorial, has been the gateway for both India and China to Central Asia. The maps below show the geo strategic location and its dominating position. Distorted Pak map: Erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir showing illegal occupation of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan by Pakistan and Shaksgam and Akshai Chin by China The map is not accurate for boundaries, particularly the alignment of the line shown to Karakorum pass, leaving Siachin glacier in Pak occupied territory. The state of Jammu and Kashmir consists of two parts, one that is with India and the other that is under the occupation of Pakistan and China. The part with India consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir valley and Ladakh. While the Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, Jammu’s numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year. Ladakh, is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture. The illegally occupied part of J&K by Pakistan is in two parts, Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (the so called Azad Kashmir by Pakistan) and Gilgit- Baltistan(GB) (earlier called the Northern Areas). China is in possession of Akshai Chin and the Shaksgam valley illegally ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963. The “high roof of the world” , the Gilgit-Baltistan and the Ladakh region of the pre-independence state of Jammu and Kashmir is geo- strategically very important. This region lies between the high Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges to its north and the Western Himalayas to its immediate south, with the Kashmir Vale and the Jammu region further South. The strategic importance of J&K can be understood from the fact that China is spending huge sums to build infrastructure through highways connecting Tibet to Xinjiang through the Chinese occupied Akshai Chin plateau, and Xinjiang to Pakistan via the Karakorum highway through the Kunzreb pass. This highway then connects Gwadar port on the Arabian sea, giving warm water port and access to the Indian Ocean to China. Its importance can be visualized in that China trade can avoid the bottleneck of Malacca straits as also cuts down turn round to the interior provinces of China. China is now in de facto control of the GB area. It is believed to have deployed more than ten thousand troops for the purpose of developing infrastructure in the area. It is also believed that Pakistan is to lease the GB area to China for 50 years under the pretext of developing the area. The strategic importance of J&K thus can be understood that now we face two enemies on our borders at a point where we are the weakest and have the maximum to lose, having already lost nearly 50% of the erstwhile J&K princely state through aggression by Pakistan in 1947 and then China in the 50s and 1962.Strategic importance of J&K is also to be understood from the point of view of strategic and valuable mineral deposits in the area, particularly in the GB and Ladakh area. It is surmised that GB area is rich in uranium deposits, besides great potential of hydro electric works. It is unfortunate that the government of India took this area to be “Where not a blade of grass grows” That is where lies the problem, not understanding the Strategic Importance and correctly relating it to National Security. We have thus been so manoeuvred that we face two enemies on our most vulnerable area with the least developed infrastructure, with the result that to thwart the design of these two hyenas on our door step, we find ourselves sandwiched with extremely poor logistics backing. Today we are faced with a situation in Daulat Beg Oldie Area with Chinese having entered 19 Km into our territory and claiming it as theirs. We are face to face with disaster awaiting us as the only logistics backing with us is an airstrip at DBO with no worthwhile land route from Leh onwards. And even upto Leh we are dependent on the fair weather route via Zojila pass. The alternate route from Manali to Upsi in Ladakh is still waiting the Rohtang pass tunnel to be built The Problem and its historic Mishandling The problem of J&K can be summarized under the heads; J&K called ‘disputed territory’ ‘Article 370’, the ‘over dominance of Kashmir over the other areas’ and ‘Political indifference’ at the State and Centre government UN resolution of 1948, which is cited by most adversaries of India, deals only with the aggression by Pakistan and not its accession to India. Accession is legal in every way and cannot be disputed. Disputed Territory UN resolution of 1948, which is cited by most adversaries of India, deals only with the aggression by Pakistan and not its accession to India. Accession is legal in every way and cannot be disputed. Similarly the so called “Two Nation Theory”, under whose umbrella Pakistan was formed, applied only to British ruled India and not the princely states, and hence a state being Muslim majority did not disqualify it from joining Indian Union. In the same context, referendum in J&K is illegal as it was not agreed by Muslim League to hold referendum in princely states but left to their rulers to accede to India or Pakistan, contiguity being a criteria for the same. Thus the only dispute that remains is the vacation of the aggression by Pakistan and the areas illegally ceded to China by Pakistan Government of India has to thus base its relations with Pakistan and China on that theme Article 370 This is a self imposed gridlock that gives no advantage to India internationally, or to the state internally. Internationally this shows that J&K is different and not a part of India and any country can raise the status of J&K in international fora, as very often done by Islamic countries. As for internally for the state of J&K itself, it puts it at a disadvantage in development and other fields, as private financiers are not keen to invest there due to the restrictions of ownership. Besides, psychologically its people find themselves at a disadvantage when working in other parts of India. Article 370 and the policy followed through its propagation is the most glaring example of appeasement of the national minority of Muslims and the subjugation of the state minority of Hindus. No nation can have two laws and rules for national citizenship. On the other side in the illegal POK and GB, Pakistan has been encouraging its Punjabi Wahabi elements to settle in and control the area. Its demographic profile is totally altered. One of the myths that needs to be broken is that “Kashmir is J&K”, because it is actually only a small part of it – 7% to be exact of the J&K Princely state and about 15% of the J&K with India. Over dominance of Kashmir One of the myths that needs to be broken is that “Kashmir is J&K”, because it is actually only a small part of it – 7% to be exact of the J&K Princely state and about 15% of the J&K with India. Even the saying that “From Kashmir to Kanyakumari” is not correctly worded because Kashmir is not the Northernmost part of India; Ladakh is. And as per the official Indian map, Gilgit and Aksai Chin are the Northernmost parts, none of these being part of Kashmir. Even ‘Azad Kashmir’ PoK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) is not Kashmir. In the same way the Kashmiri Muslim is not in majority in J&K, when we take non Kashmiri Muslims in the other parts of J&K into account, from Ladakh and Jammu region. In fact Indian Army’s advance into present POK in 1948 was said to have been halted on the advice of Sheikh Abdullah to Pandit Jwaharlal Nehru that the areas beyond were not Kashmiris. And yet J&K politics is all centered round Kashmir and the Kashmiris. All Chief Ministers have been Kashmiri with bulk of the state and national funding being spent on Kashmir valley. The other two parts, Jammu and Ladakh have a grievance on that and rightly so. Ladakh has been demanding Union territory status and Jammu as separate state. The misfortune is that in all this fight we forget the other two parts of J&K, namely POK and GB. Today they are raising their voice to ask India to liberate them and fight for their human rights that have been denied to them by Pakistan. The only symbolic gesture India makes is to keep a few vacant seats in their name in the state assembly. This is sheer tokenism and nothing more. Their demand that as the elections can not be held in POK & GB, some of them should be nominated and allowed to put across the problems of these areas, as also raise these in international fora. They also demand that their children should be given reservation in schools and institutions of higher learning in J&K as rightfully they are citizens of J&K living under the heels of Pakistan army. The other part, Aksai Chin and the Shaksgam valley illegally occupied by China is not even considered by us in any discussion within or with the Chinese. Our thrust remains to demarcate the border in this area. The areas thus conceded is over 38,000 Sq Km in Aksai Chin and nearly 5,000 Sq Km in Shaksgam Valley. Political Indifference at the State and Centre Government We fail to perceive this as the first battle by Pakistan to the ultimate jehadi war in India. Somehow the impression is gaining ground that the State and Centre are not very keen to bring the problem under control. It is voiced by many experts that it suits the State government, whichever party in power, to continue providing tacit and covert support to the separatists, jehadi and the Pak supported elements, and milk the centre for resources. Scapegoats are easily found to pass on the blame for non governance and inaction. Security forces and the AFSPA is easily exploited for this. No firm action is taken against the separatists, who espouse their cause freely and indulge in nefarious activities within and abroad. Terrorism and violence is treated as the right of the people to indulge in. As Pakistan is considered a party to the dispute, its political interference, terrorist acts and inciting people to violence is taken as legitimate right of Pakistan. We fail to perceive this as the first battle by Pakistan to the ultimate jehadi war in India. We have failed to assert our right to ‘hot pursuit’, to strike at training camps across the border and to block all propaganda and contacts that spread discontent. Here we are not only a ‘soft state’ but a ‘failed state’ that refuses to protect its legitimate national rights. The historic Blunders of J&K Problem J&K has been one series of monumental blunders by Indian government. First we let Lord Mountbatten to unilaterally write to Maharaja Hari Singh for a referendum later when no such condition was desired by him, or stipulated in the ‘Accession Treaty’ We stopped the advance of Indian army to liberate POK and GB areas in 1948 and instead took the matter to the UN. The western powers were just looking for such an opportunity to have a say in the most strategic area that dominated the underbelly of China and USSR To declare special status under a special article 370 of the constitution, thereby making J&K psychologically and physically different and separate, thus hindering its effective integration into the Indian Union To declare special status under a special article 370 of the constitution, thereby making J&K psychologically and physically different and separate, thus hindering its effective integration into the Indian Union Recognition of Chinese suzerainty over Tibet in 1950 and withdrawal of our military posts from Lhasa and Yatung were to bring China on to our northern borders and open up another front to guard. But that was not the end of this flawed China policy, we indulged in daydreaming of Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai and neglected our defence. Result was the shameful debacle of 1962. It has rightly been called the ‘Himalayan Blunder’ But the most shameful act was the acceptance of the ceasefire, unilaterally declared by the Chinese, and not preparing to fight back. After all nations have suffered tactical reverses, but they did not necessarily become strategic defeats. During WWII British army was down and out at Dunkirk and had to evacuate European main land, but it came back after four years to defeat the Germans. Similarly Singapur was lost in 1942, but the British Indian Army went back and defeated the Japanese. Why have we accepted the 1962 debacle as final and never even lay claim to our lost land from the aggressor. If on the Republic Day in 1963, instead of weeping over our tactical defeat and singing “Aye Mere Watan ke logo , jara aankh mein bhar lo pani’ we had roused the nation and sung Netaji Subhash Bose INA song of “Kadam kadam barhai ja, Khushi ke geet gaye ja, Yeh jindgi hai kom ki, tu Kom par mitae ja”, perhaps we would have been a different nation today In 1965 Pakistan was emboldened after having acquired latest arms and ammunition from the USA under the Baghdad Pact (later CENTO) and seen the state of Indian army devastated by the Chinese in 1962 to take advantage of the historic opportunity and launched ‘Operation Gibraltor’ to liberate J&K and later captured some areas of Chhamb Jaurian in Jammu region. Indian Army fought back ‘ with whatever they had’ and managed to blunt the Pakistan offensive in Punjab and Jammu region. Our major achievement was in the Kashmir sector where we captured Haji Pir Pass that links Uri and Poonch. Unfortunately India gave it back to Pakistan at the Tashkent meet. The army calls it ”A War won on the battlefield but lost on the negotiating table” 1971 is a glorious chapter in the annals of Indian military history. We created history by liberating a nation and decisively defeating the Pakistan army on the battlefield, capturing 93,000 PWs. No greater victory could be asked for. Alas, we squandered the victory at Shimla where Indira Gandhi fell to the false promises of smooth talking ZA Bhutto, and the old story repeated itself. We won the war on the battlefield, but lost it on the negotiating table. Under the threat of the bomb, Pakistan was able to put Punjab on fire and later J&K In 1974 our scientists did India proud by making the bomb and demonstrating it at Pokhran. Alas, we again fell under the threat of USA and disassembled all the infrastructure for the same, but having alerted Pakistan who went all out to acquire the bomb through any means. He succeeded in making one in 1985, while we remained without one for a much longer period. Under the threat of the bomb, Pakistan was able to put Punjab on fire and later J&K. Our much stronger armed forces now were immediately unable to react to this new kind of warfare that had surfaced in the subcontinent. Fortunately in 1998 India got a government that looked to the security of the nation first and all else later, under the leadership of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. We reasserted ourselves at Pokhran II. Solution The solution to the J&K problem does not lie in Srinagar or in Pakistan and China. It squarely and appropriately lies in New Delhi. Solution lies in the words and teachings of our ancient sages and Rishis. Swami Vivekananda said that “Shakti” is the power that builds the nation and without it the nation is enslaved. He asked, ‘Why is it that our country is the weakest- because ‘Shakti’ is held in dishonor here’ This he had said over a century ago, but unfortunately, it is true even today. ‘Shakti means national power to influence events in the interest of the nation. This Shakti flows out of economic strength, social harmony, people educated and dedicated to national cause, and most importantly military strength. However, the crucial element of the national ‘Shakti’ is the national leadership that is able to harness all this power and bring it to bear in national interest. The strategic solution lies in breaking the unholy nexus between China and Pakistan by, firstly vigorously claiming POK and GB areas, supporting the population to fight the occupation forces, and by breaking the China link to the Arabian sea through Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and Balochistan. The democratic voice of Pakhtoons for Pakhtoonistan encompassing areas South and East of defunct Durand line must be supported. Similarly the human rights violations, in fact genocide, of the Baloch people struggle for democracy in their province must be taken up at international arena and supported Conclusion As a veteran, I feel saddened when I find that the leadership pays no heed to the security of our nation. Jammu & Kashmir has been the hunting ground of both, China and Pakistan and we have treated it as a dispute and an internal law and order problem. I do not advocate war as the only solution. But with the changing dimensions of warfare ranging from nuclear, cyber, space to proxy war, we need to devise new ways and means to be one step ahead of the enemy. Pakistan has been at war with India since Oct 1947, and China since 1950 when it occupied Tibet, yet we failed to recognize the enemy and his modus operandi on both fronts. In between active war operations, they carry on proxy war with ‘thousand cuts’, supporting insurgency in J&K and the North East Mao tse Tung said that ‘Diplomacy flows out of the barrel of a gun’ In this ‘Dog eat dog’ world, it is no good making diplomatic overtures and resting on assurances on paper that are not worth the paper they are written on. India must not accept China intrusion into J&K or any other area passively, but must counter with well planned and calibrated Indian moves along the border into tactically and strategically sensitive areas to China at the time of our choosing. How many times Pakistan has made promises and never kept them. How the Chinese have been treating us and claiming Arunachal Pradesh and all Aksai Chin. Their intentions are clear, only we fail to see it that Za objavo komentarja se prijavite ali registrirajte. Prejšnja objava Kamniti lovec iz Zajzere Naslednja objava Indijski Matterhorn prinaša nov ...
Boris Štupar, 26. 10. 2014 18:22 Solution to J & K problem lies in New Delhi... ByLt Gen NS Malik 22 Oct , 2014 J&K is an integral part of India. The only problem that can be called J&K Problem is the non- comprehension by India, its people and the government to this ultimate truth of its being the integral part of India and not distinct or separate entity in any way from the other states of India. The problem that would remain to be settled then is the need to free the areas of J&K illegally occupied by Pakistan and China. Once this fact is understood and fully comprehended by us, all else will fall in place. It is proposed to discuss this very complex and muddled up situation, erroneously called “The Jammu & Kashmir Problem”, as under: Strategic Importance of J&K The Problem and its historic Mishandling Solution Strategic Importance of J&K The illegally occupied part of J&K by Pakistan is in two parts, Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (the so called Azad Kashmir by Pakistan) and Gilgit- Baltistan(GB) (earlier called the Northern Areas). China is in possession of Akshai Chin and the Shaksgam valley illegally ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963. J&K forms the head of the Indian sub continent, and has been the traditional trade route of Central and South Asia to the East and Tibet, generally called the ‘Silk Route’. It is bounded by more countries than any other state of India; in the North East with Tibet, and further North with Xinjiang province of China, in the North West with the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan, in the West with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and further South with Punjab of Pakistan. This geographic layout is strategically so important that no power of the world wants to remain away from the area, as it gives them access to the sensitive areas of the neighbouring countries.. Its high mountains provide strategic depth and domination over the surrounding area. For hundreds of years in the past, the Russian, Persian, Chinese, Tibetan and the British Indian empires, sought the passes of this region to dominate each other. The region rests along “the ancient axis of Asia” where South, Central and East Asia converge and, since time immemorial, has been the gateway for both India and China to Central Asia. The maps below show the geo strategic location and its dominating position. Distorted Pak map: Erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir showing illegal occupation of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan by Pakistan and Shaksgam and Akshai Chin by China The map is not accurate for boundaries, particularly the alignment of the line shown to Karakorum pass, leaving Siachin glacier in Pak occupied territory. The state of Jammu and Kashmir consists of two parts, one that is with India and the other that is under the occupation of Pakistan and China. The part with India consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir valley and Ladakh. While the Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, Jammu’s numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year. Ladakh, is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture. The illegally occupied part of J&K by Pakistan is in two parts, Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (the so called Azad Kashmir by Pakistan) and Gilgit- Baltistan(GB) (earlier called the Northern Areas). China is in possession of Akshai Chin and the Shaksgam valley illegally ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963. The “high roof of the world” , the Gilgit-Baltistan and the Ladakh region of the pre-independence state of Jammu and Kashmir is geo- strategically very important. This region lies between the high Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges to its north and the Western Himalayas to its immediate south, with the Kashmir Vale and the Jammu region further South. The strategic importance of J&K can be understood from the fact that China is spending huge sums to build infrastructure through highways connecting Tibet to Xinjiang through the Chinese occupied Akshai Chin plateau, and Xinjiang to Pakistan via the Karakorum highway through the Kunzreb pass. This highway then connects Gwadar port on the Arabian sea, giving warm water port and access to the Indian Ocean to China. Its importance can be visualized in that China trade can avoid the bottleneck of Malacca straits as also cuts down turn round to the interior provinces of China. China is now in de facto control of the GB area. It is believed to have deployed more than ten thousand troops for the purpose of developing infrastructure in the area. It is also believed that Pakistan is to lease the GB area to China for 50 years under the pretext of developing the area. The strategic importance of J&K thus can be understood that now we face two enemies on our borders at a point where we are the weakest and have the maximum to lose, having already lost nearly 50% of the erstwhile J&K princely state through aggression by Pakistan in 1947 and then China in the 50s and 1962.Strategic importance of J&K is also to be understood from the point of view of strategic and valuable mineral deposits in the area, particularly in the GB and Ladakh area. It is surmised that GB area is rich in uranium deposits, besides great potential of hydro electric works. It is unfortunate that the government of India took this area to be “Where not a blade of grass grows” That is where lies the problem, not understanding the Strategic Importance and correctly relating it to National Security. We have thus been so manoeuvred that we face two enemies on our most vulnerable area with the least developed infrastructure, with the result that to thwart the design of these two hyenas on our door step, we find ourselves sandwiched with extremely poor logistics backing. Today we are faced with a situation in Daulat Beg Oldie Area with Chinese having entered 19 Km into our territory and claiming it as theirs. We are face to face with disaster awaiting us as the only logistics backing with us is an airstrip at DBO with no worthwhile land route from Leh onwards. And even upto Leh we are dependent on the fair weather route via Zojila pass. The alternate route from Manali to Upsi in Ladakh is still waiting the Rohtang pass tunnel to be built The Problem and its historic Mishandling The problem of J&K can be summarized under the heads; J&K called ‘disputed territory’ ‘Article 370’, the ‘over dominance of Kashmir over the other areas’ and ‘Political indifference’ at the State and Centre government UN resolution of 1948, which is cited by most adversaries of India, deals only with the aggression by Pakistan and not its accession to India. Accession is legal in every way and cannot be disputed. Disputed Territory UN resolution of 1948, which is cited by most adversaries of India, deals only with the aggression by Pakistan and not its accession to India. Accession is legal in every way and cannot be disputed. Similarly the so called “Two Nation Theory”, under whose umbrella Pakistan was formed, applied only to British ruled India and not the princely states, and hence a state being Muslim majority did not disqualify it from joining Indian Union. In the same context, referendum in J&K is illegal as it was not agreed by Muslim League to hold referendum in princely states but left to their rulers to accede to India or Pakistan, contiguity being a criteria for the same. Thus the only dispute that remains is the vacation of the aggression by Pakistan and the areas illegally ceded to China by Pakistan Government of India has to thus base its relations with Pakistan and China on that theme Article 370 This is a self imposed gridlock that gives no advantage to India internationally, or to the state internally. Internationally this shows that J&K is different and not a part of India and any country can raise the status of J&K in international fora, as very often done by Islamic countries. As for internally for the state of J&K itself, it puts it at a disadvantage in development and other fields, as private financiers are not keen to invest there due to the restrictions of ownership. Besides, psychologically its people find themselves at a disadvantage when working in other parts of India. Article 370 and the policy followed through its propagation is the most glaring example of appeasement of the national minority of Muslims and the subjugation of the state minority of Hindus. No nation can have two laws and rules for national citizenship. On the other side in the illegal POK and GB, Pakistan has been encouraging its Punjabi Wahabi elements to settle in and control the area. Its demographic profile is totally altered. One of the myths that needs to be broken is that “Kashmir is J&K”, because it is actually only a small part of it – 7% to be exact of the J&K Princely state and about 15% of the J&K with India. Over dominance of Kashmir One of the myths that needs to be broken is that “Kashmir is J&K”, because it is actually only a small part of it – 7% to be exact of the J&K Princely state and about 15% of the J&K with India. Even the saying that “From Kashmir to Kanyakumari” is not correctly worded because Kashmir is not the Northernmost part of India; Ladakh is. And as per the official Indian map, Gilgit and Aksai Chin are the Northernmost parts, none of these being part of Kashmir. Even ‘Azad Kashmir’ PoK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) is not Kashmir. In the same way the Kashmiri Muslim is not in majority in J&K, when we take non Kashmiri Muslims in the other parts of J&K into account, from Ladakh and Jammu region. In fact Indian Army’s advance into present POK in 1948 was said to have been halted on the advice of Sheikh Abdullah to Pandit Jwaharlal Nehru that the areas beyond were not Kashmiris. And yet J&K politics is all centered round Kashmir and the Kashmiris. All Chief Ministers have been Kashmiri with bulk of the state and national funding being spent on Kashmir valley. The other two parts, Jammu and Ladakh have a grievance on that and rightly so. Ladakh has been demanding Union territory status and Jammu as separate state. The misfortune is that in all this fight we forget the other two parts of J&K, namely POK and GB. Today they are raising their voice to ask India to liberate them and fight for their human rights that have been denied to them by Pakistan. The only symbolic gesture India makes is to keep a few vacant seats in their name in the state assembly. This is sheer tokenism and nothing more. Their demand that as the elections can not be held in POK & GB, some of them should be nominated and allowed to put across the problems of these areas, as also raise these in international fora. They also demand that their children should be given reservation in schools and institutions of higher learning in J&K as rightfully they are citizens of J&K living under the heels of Pakistan army. The other part, Aksai Chin and the Shaksgam valley illegally occupied by China is not even considered by us in any discussion within or with the Chinese. Our thrust remains to demarcate the border in this area. The areas thus conceded is over 38,000 Sq Km in Aksai Chin and nearly 5,000 Sq Km in Shaksgam Valley. Political Indifference at the State and Centre Government We fail to perceive this as the first battle by Pakistan to the ultimate jehadi war in India. Somehow the impression is gaining ground that the State and Centre are not very keen to bring the problem under control. It is voiced by many experts that it suits the State government, whichever party in power, to continue providing tacit and covert support to the separatists, jehadi and the Pak supported elements, and milk the centre for resources. Scapegoats are easily found to pass on the blame for non governance and inaction. Security forces and the AFSPA is easily exploited for this. No firm action is taken against the separatists, who espouse their cause freely and indulge in nefarious activities within and abroad. Terrorism and violence is treated as the right of the people to indulge in. As Pakistan is considered a party to the dispute, its political interference, terrorist acts and inciting people to violence is taken as legitimate right of Pakistan. We fail to perceive this as the first battle by Pakistan to the ultimate jehadi war in India. We have failed to assert our right to ‘hot pursuit’, to strike at training camps across the border and to block all propaganda and contacts that spread discontent. Here we are not only a ‘soft state’ but a ‘failed state’ that refuses to protect its legitimate national rights. The historic Blunders of J&K Problem J&K has been one series of monumental blunders by Indian government. First we let Lord Mountbatten to unilaterally write to Maharaja Hari Singh for a referendum later when no such condition was desired by him, or stipulated in the ‘Accession Treaty’ We stopped the advance of Indian army to liberate POK and GB areas in 1948 and instead took the matter to the UN. The western powers were just looking for such an opportunity to have a say in the most strategic area that dominated the underbelly of China and USSR To declare special status under a special article 370 of the constitution, thereby making J&K psychologically and physically different and separate, thus hindering its effective integration into the Indian Union To declare special status under a special article 370 of the constitution, thereby making J&K psychologically and physically different and separate, thus hindering its effective integration into the Indian Union Recognition of Chinese suzerainty over Tibet in 1950 and withdrawal of our military posts from Lhasa and Yatung were to bring China on to our northern borders and open up another front to guard. But that was not the end of this flawed China policy, we indulged in daydreaming of Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai and neglected our defence. Result was the shameful debacle of 1962. It has rightly been called the ‘Himalayan Blunder’ But the most shameful act was the acceptance of the ceasefire, unilaterally declared by the Chinese, and not preparing to fight back. After all nations have suffered tactical reverses, but they did not necessarily become strategic defeats. During WWII British army was down and out at Dunkirk and had to evacuate European main land, but it came back after four years to defeat the Germans. Similarly Singapur was lost in 1942, but the British Indian Army went back and defeated the Japanese. Why have we accepted the 1962 debacle as final and never even lay claim to our lost land from the aggressor. If on the Republic Day in 1963, instead of weeping over our tactical defeat and singing “Aye Mere Watan ke logo , jara aankh mein bhar lo pani’ we had roused the nation and sung Netaji Subhash Bose INA song of “Kadam kadam barhai ja, Khushi ke geet gaye ja, Yeh jindgi hai kom ki, tu Kom par mitae ja”, perhaps we would have been a different nation today In 1965 Pakistan was emboldened after having acquired latest arms and ammunition from the USA under the Baghdad Pact (later CENTO) and seen the state of Indian army devastated by the Chinese in 1962 to take advantage of the historic opportunity and launched ‘Operation Gibraltor’ to liberate J&K and later captured some areas of Chhamb Jaurian in Jammu region. Indian Army fought back ‘ with whatever they had’ and managed to blunt the Pakistan offensive in Punjab and Jammu region. Our major achievement was in the Kashmir sector where we captured Haji Pir Pass that links Uri and Poonch. Unfortunately India gave it back to Pakistan at the Tashkent meet. The army calls it ”A War won on the battlefield but lost on the negotiating table” 1971 is a glorious chapter in the annals of Indian military history. We created history by liberating a nation and decisively defeating the Pakistan army on the battlefield, capturing 93,000 PWs. No greater victory could be asked for. Alas, we squandered the victory at Shimla where Indira Gandhi fell to the false promises of smooth talking ZA Bhutto, and the old story repeated itself. We won the war on the battlefield, but lost it on the negotiating table. Under the threat of the bomb, Pakistan was able to put Punjab on fire and later J&K In 1974 our scientists did India proud by making the bomb and demonstrating it at Pokhran. Alas, we again fell under the threat of USA and disassembled all the infrastructure for the same, but having alerted Pakistan who went all out to acquire the bomb through any means. He succeeded in making one in 1985, while we remained without one for a much longer period. Under the threat of the bomb, Pakistan was able to put Punjab on fire and later J&K. Our much stronger armed forces now were immediately unable to react to this new kind of warfare that had surfaced in the subcontinent. Fortunately in 1998 India got a government that looked to the security of the nation first and all else later, under the leadership of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. We reasserted ourselves at Pokhran II. Solution The solution to the J&K problem does not lie in Srinagar or in Pakistan and China. It squarely and appropriately lies in New Delhi. Solution lies in the words and teachings of our ancient sages and Rishis. Swami Vivekananda said that “Shakti” is the power that builds the nation and without it the nation is enslaved. He asked, ‘Why is it that our country is the weakest- because ‘Shakti’ is held in dishonor here’ This he had said over a century ago, but unfortunately, it is true even today. ‘Shakti means national power to influence events in the interest of the nation. This Shakti flows out of economic strength, social harmony, people educated and dedicated to national cause, and most importantly military strength. However, the crucial element of the national ‘Shakti’ is the national leadership that is able to harness all this power and bring it to bear in national interest. The strategic solution lies in breaking the unholy nexus between China and Pakistan by, firstly vigorously claiming POK and GB areas, supporting the population to fight the occupation forces, and by breaking the China link to the Arabian sea through Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and Balochistan. The democratic voice of Pakhtoons for Pakhtoonistan encompassing areas South and East of defunct Durand line must be supported. Similarly the human rights violations, in fact genocide, of the Baloch people struggle for democracy in their province must be taken up at international arena and supported Conclusion As a veteran, I feel saddened when I find that the leadership pays no heed to the security of our nation. Jammu & Kashmir has been the hunting ground of both, China and Pakistan and we have treated it as a dispute and an internal law and order problem. I do not advocate war as the only solution. But with the changing dimensions of warfare ranging from nuclear, cyber, space to proxy war, we need to devise new ways and means to be one step ahead of the enemy. Pakistan has been at war with India since Oct 1947, and China since 1950 when it occupied Tibet, yet we failed to recognize the enemy and his modus operandi on both fronts. In between active war operations, they carry on proxy war with ‘thousand cuts’, supporting insurgency in J&K and the North East Mao tse Tung said that ‘Diplomacy flows out of the barrel of a gun’ In this ‘Dog eat dog’ world, it is no good making diplomatic overtures and resting on assurances on paper that are not worth the paper they are written on. India must not accept China intrusion into J&K or any other area passively, but must counter with well planned and calibrated Indian moves along the border into tactically and strategically sensitive areas to China at the time of our choosing. How many times Pakistan has made promises and never kept them. How the Chinese have been treating us and claiming Arunachal Pradesh and all Aksai Chin. Their intentions are clear, only we fail to see it that
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